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imported sources from an old console library

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Bob Carroll 2012-12-05 22:03:08 -08:00
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/**
* ngetopt - Unixy command-line option parser library for .NET
* Copyright (c) 2010 Bob Carroll
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
*/
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
namespace ngetopt
{
/// <summary>
/// A .NET implementation of glibc's command-line option parser.
/// </summary>
/// <see cref="http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/online/pages/man3/getopt.3.html"/>
/// <remarks>
/// Read the GETOPT(3) man page for detailed usage instructions.
///
/// GetOpt() and GetOptLong() are both functionally equivalent to getopt()
/// getopt_long(), respectively. GNU extensions are supported with only
/// a few exceptions. POSIXLY_CORRECT is supported both as a property and
/// an environmental variable.
///
/// The Option structure makes use of CLI conventions but is otherwise
/// identical to glibc's option struct. Due to limitations of C#, the Flag
/// member is unused and should always be zero.
///
/// getopt_long_only() is not supported. Using "-W foo" for long options is
/// not supported.
/// </remarks>
/// <example>
/// static int Main(string[] args)
/// {
/// string[] argv = Environment.GetCommandLineArgs();
/// GlibcOpt gopt = new GlibcOpt();
/// int result;
///
/// while ((result = gopt.GetOpt(ref argv, "abc:d::")) != -1) {
///
/// switch (result) {
///
/// case 'a':
/// Console.WriteLine("foo");
/// break;
///
/// case 'b':
/// Console.WriteLine("bar");
/// break;
///
/// case 'c': /* this option requires an argument because a colon follows it in the option string */
/// Console.WriteLine(gopt.OptArgument);
/// break;
///
/// case 'd': /* this option has an optional argument because two colons follow it in the option string */
/// if (gopt.OptArguments == null)
/// Console.WriteLine("baz");
/// else
/// Console.WriteLine(gopt.OptArgument);
/// break;
///
/// default:
/// Console.WriteLine("Usage: helloworld [OPTION]");
/// return 0;
/// }
/// }
///
/// return 0;
/// }
/// </example>
public sealed class GlibcOpt
{
private int _nextchar; /* index of the next character in the argv element */
private string _optarg; /* value of the option argument */
private bool _opterr; /* flag to suppress printing error for unknow options to stderr */
private int _optind; /* next argv index to read (initialised to 1) */
private char _optopt; /* unrecognised option character */
/// <summary>
/// Initialises the option parser.
/// </summary>
public GlibcOpt()
{
_nextchar = 0;
_optarg = null;
_opterr = true;
_optind = 1;
_optopt = '\0';
if (Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("POSIXLY_CORRECT") != null)
this.POSIXLY_CORRECT = true;
}
/// <summary>
/// Parses the argv array for short command-line options. The first element of
/// argv must be the binary name!
/// </summary>
/// <param name="argv">reference to argv passed into main()</param>
/// <param name="optstring">valid options list</param>
/// <returns>the option character, -1 for no more options, or ? for error</returns>
public int GetOpt(ref string[] argv, string optstring)
{
int longopts = 0;
return GetOptLong(ref argv, optstring, new Option[] { }, ref longopts);
}
/// <summary>
/// Parses the argv array for long command-line options. The first element of
/// argv must be the binary name!
/// </summary>
/// <param name="argv">reference to argv passed into main()</param>
/// <param name="optstring">valid options list</param>
/// <param name="longopts">an array of valid long options</param>
/// <param name="longindex">returns the current long option index</param>
/// <returns>the option character, -1 for no more options, or ? for error</returns>
/// <remarks>For long options only, optstring should be an empty string and not null!</remarks>
public int GetOptLong(ref string[] argv, string optstring, Option[] longopts, ref int longindex)
{
string imgname = Path.GetFileName(argv[0]);
if (!Regex.IsMatch(optstring, "^([+]|-|:)?([A-Za-z0-9]:?:?)*$"))
throw new Exception("Bad option string!");
int res;
Option[] validopts = this.OptStr2LongOpts(optstring);
if (_optind < 1)
_optind = 1;
while (_optind < argv.Length) {
string curitm = argv[_optind];
bool hasarg = false;
if (curitm == "--") { /* -- always ends option scanning */
/* if we're not at the end of the array, then optind points to
* the first non-option in the array */
if (_optind + 1 < argv.Length)
_optind++;
/* end of option scanning */
return -1;
} else if (this.IsOption(curitm)) {
char curchar;
Option curopt;
bool islong = false;
int nextoffset = 1;
if (this.IsOptionLong(curitm)) { /* long options */
/* strip off the leading dashes and argument if there is one */
string optname = curitm.IndexOf('=') > 0 ?
curitm.Substring(2, curitm.IndexOf('=') - 2) :
curitm.Substring(2);
curopt = longopts.Where(o => o.Name == optname).SingleOrDefault();
curchar = curopt.Name != null ? curopt.Val : '\0';
islong = true;
longindex = curopt.Name != null ?
longopts.Select((e, i) => new { Elem = e, Index = i })
.Where(i => ((Option)i.Elem).Equals(curopt)).First().Index :
0;
} else { /* short options */
curchar = curitm.Substring(_nextchar + 1, 1)[0];
curopt = validopts.Where(o => o.Name[0] == curchar).SingleOrDefault();
}
_optopt = '\0';
_optarg = null;
if (curopt.Name != null) {
res = curopt.Val;
hasarg = curopt.HasArg != ArgFlags.None;
/* short option args can be the remainder of the option element or the next argv element
* ex: -ofoo where -o is the option and 'foo' is the argument
* ex: -o foo
*
* long option args can be part of the option element if separated by equals, or the next argv element
* ex: --output=foo where --output is option and 'foo' is the argument
* ex: --output foo
*/
if (!islong && hasarg && curitm.Length > 2 && _nextchar == 0) {
_optarg = curitm.Substring(2);
} else if (!islong && hasarg && curitm.Length == 2 && _optind + 1 < argv.Length && !this.IsOption(argv[_optind + 1])) {
_optarg = argv[_optind + 1];
nextoffset = 2;
} else if (islong && hasarg && curitm.Contains('=')) {
_optarg = curitm.Substring(curitm.IndexOf('=') + 1);
} else if (islong && hasarg && _optind + 1 < argv.Length && !this.IsOption(argv[_optind + 1])) {
_optarg = argv[_optind + 1];
nextoffset = 2;
} else if (hasarg) {
if (curopt.HasArg == ArgFlags.Required) {
if (_opterr)
Console.Error.WriteLine("{0}: option '{1}' requires an argument", imgname, curopt.Name);
res = optstring.StartsWith(":") ? ':' : '?';
_optopt = curopt.Val;
} else {
/* the argument is optional, so no need to complain */
hasarg = false;
}
}
} else {
if (_opterr) {
string optname = (curchar == '\0') ?
curitm :
new string(new char[] { curchar });
Console.Error.WriteLine("{0}: unrecognised option '{1}'", imgname, optname);
}
res = '?';
_optopt = curchar;
}
/* support options provided in the same argv element
* ex: -a -b -c becomes -abc */
if (!islong && !hasarg && _nextchar < curitm.Length - 2)
_nextchar++;
else {
if (hasarg) /* don't permute arguments */
_optind += nextoffset;
else
_optind++;
_nextchar = 0;
}
return res;
} else { /* not an option */
/* strict POSIX mode ends option scanning at the first non-option. + also enables
* this mode. - forces non-options to return as character code 1. */
if (optstring.StartsWith("+") || this.POSIXLY_CORRECT) {
return -1;
} else if (optstring.StartsWith("-")) {
_optind++;
return (char)1;
}
/* deterimine if there are any options left to read... */
bool more = false;
for (int i = _optind; i < argv.Length; i++) {
if (this.IsOption(argv[i])) {
more = true;
break;
}
}
/* if not, we're done */
if (!more) break;
/* permute the argv array throwing the non-option on the end */
Array.Copy(argv, _optind + 1, argv, _optind, argv.Length - _optind - 1);
argv[argv.Length - 1] = curitm;
}
}
/* no more options to read */
return -1;
}
/// <summary>
/// Determines if the given string is an option.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="opt">the string to inspect</param>
/// <returns>true when it's an option, false otherwise</returns>
private bool IsOption(string opt)
{
return opt.StartsWith("-") && opt != "-";
}
/// <summary>
/// Determines if the given string is a long option. Note, this should
/// only be used on known options. Use IsOption() to first deterimine
/// if the string is an option.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="opt">the string to inspect</param>
/// <returns>true when it's an option, false otherwise</returns>
private bool IsOptionLong(string opt)
{
return opt.StartsWith("--") && opt != "--";
}
/// <summary>
/// Parses the valid options list.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="optstring">the options list</param>
/// <returns>an array of valid option structures</returns>
private Option[] OptStr2LongOpts(string optstring)
{
List<Option> optlst = new List<Option>();
for (int i = 0; i < optstring.Length; i++) {
Option curopt = new Option();
curopt.Name = new String(new char[] { optstring[i] });
curopt.Val = optstring[i];
/* one colon means the previous option has an argument, two colons
* mean the option has an _optional_ argument */
if (i + 1 < optstring.Length && optstring[i + 1] == ':') {
if (i + 2 < optstring.Length && optstring[i + 2] == ':') {
curopt.HasArg = ArgFlags.Optional;
i += 2;
} else {
curopt.HasArg = ArgFlags.Required;
i++;
}
}
optlst.Add(curopt);
}
return optlst.ToArray();
}
/// <summary>
/// Index of the next character to read in the current argv element.
/// </summary>
public int NextChar
{
get { return _nextchar; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Index of the next element to read in the argv array.
/// </summary>
public int NextOption
{
get { return _optind; }
set { _optind = value; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Value of the option argument.
/// </summary>
public string OptionArg
{
get { return _optarg; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Unrecognised option character or option character missing
/// an argument.
/// </summary>
public char OptionChar
{
get { return _optopt; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Flag to enable strict POSIX mode.
/// </summary>
public bool POSIXLY_CORRECT { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Flag to toggle printing option scanning errors to stderr.
/// </summary>
public bool PrintError
{
get { return _opterr; }
set { _opterr = value; }
}
}
}

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/**
* ngetopt - Unixy command-line option parser library for .NET
* Copyright (c) 2010 Bob Carroll
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
*/
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
namespace ngetopt
{
/// <summary>
/// Long option argument flags.
/// </summary>
public enum ArgFlags : int
{
None = 0,
Required = 1,
Optional = 2
}
/// <summary>
/// Long option structure.
/// </summary>
public struct Option
{
public string Name; /* long name for this option */
public ArgFlags HasArg; /* 0 = no argument, 1 = required argument, 2 = optional argument */
public int Flag; /* this is not implemented so it must always be zero */
public char Val; /* value to return from getopt() */
}
}

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/**
* ngetopt - Unixy command-line option parser library for .NET
* Copyright (c) 2010 Bob Carroll
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
*/
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
namespace ngetopt
{
/// <summary>
/// Extra goodies for options structure.
/// </summary>
public struct OptionExtra
{
public Option Option; /* reference to associated option struct */
public string Description; /* a brief description of the option */
public string InGroup; /* name of the group this option belongs to */
public string ArgLabel; /* label for the option argument */
}
}

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/**
* ngetopt - Unixy command-line option parser library for .NET
* Copyright (c) 2010 Bob Carroll
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
*/
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
namespace ngetopt
{
/// <summary>
/// Prints command-line options to stdout.
/// </summary>
public sealed class OptionPrinter
{
private string _usage;
private OptionExtra[] _opts;
private string[] _groups;
/// <summary>
/// Initialises the option printer.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="usage">command format</param>
/// <param name="opts">an array of options</param>
public OptionPrinter(string usage, OptionExtra[] opts)
: this(usage, opts, new string[] { }) { }
/// <summary>
/// Initialises the option printer.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="usage">command format</param>
/// <param name="opts">an array of options</param>
/// <param name="groups">an array of option group names to print</param>
public OptionPrinter(string usage, OptionExtra[] opts, string[] groups)
{
_usage = usage;
_opts = opts;
_groups = groups;
this.OptionWidth = 32;
}
/// <summary>
/// Prints an option group to stdout.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="groupname">group title</param>
public void PrintGroup(string groupname)
{
OptionExtra[] opts = groupname != null ?
_opts.Where(i => i.InGroup == groupname).ToArray() :
_opts;
if (opts.Length == 0) return;
StringBuilder sbgroup = new StringBuilder();
sbgroup.AppendFormat("{0}:\n",
groupname != null ? groupname : "Options");
foreach (OptionExtra oe in opts) {
StringBuilder sbline = new StringBuilder();
sbline.AppendFormat(" -{0}", oe.Option.Val);
string arglabel = oe.ArgLabel != null ? oe.ArgLabel : "ARG";
if (oe.Option.HasArg == ArgFlags.Required)
sbline.AppendFormat(" {0}", arglabel);
else if (oe.Option.HasArg == ArgFlags.Optional)
sbline.AppendFormat(" [{0}]", arglabel);
if (oe.Option.Name.Length > 1) {
sbline.AppendFormat(", --{0}", oe.Option.Name);
if (oe.Option.HasArg == ArgFlags.Required)
sbline.AppendFormat("={0}", arglabel);
else if (oe.Option.HasArg == ArgFlags.Optional)
sbline.AppendFormat("=[{0}]", arglabel);
}
sbgroup.AppendFormat("{0}{1}\n",
sbline.ToString().PadRight(this.OptionWidth),
oe.Description);
}
Console.WriteLine(sbgroup.ToString());
}
/// <summary>
/// Prints usage instructions to stdout.
/// </summary>
public void PrintUsage()
{
Console.WriteLine("Usage: {0}\n", _usage);
if (_groups.Length > 0) {
foreach (string g in _groups)
this.PrintGroup(g);
} else
this.PrintGroup(null);
}
/// <summary>
/// Width of the options column.
/// </summary>
public int OptionWidth { get; set; }
}
}

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/**
* ngetopt - Unixy command-line option parser library for .NET
* Copyright (c) 2010 Bob Carroll
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
*/
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
namespace ngetopt
{
/// <summary>
/// Transforms an options array into inputs valid for GlibcOpt.
/// </summary>
public sealed class OptionTransformer
{
private OptionExtra[] _opts;
/// <summary>
/// Initialises the options transformer.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="opts">an array of command-line options</param>
public OptionTransformer(OptionExtra[] opts)
{
_opts = opts;
}
/// <summary>
/// Converts the OptionsExtra array to an Option array.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>an array of Option structs</returns>
public Option[] ToLongOpts()
{
return _opts.Select(i => i.Option)
.Where(i => i.Name.Length > 1).ToArray();
}
/// <summary>
/// Generates a getopt() compatible options string.
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public string ToOptString()
{
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
foreach (OptionExtra oe in _opts) {
sb.Append(oe.Option.Val);
if (oe.Option.HasArg == ArgFlags.Required)
sb.Append(":");
else if (oe.Option.HasArg == ArgFlags.Optional)
sb.Append("::");
}
return sb.ToString();
}
}
}

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using System.Reflection;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
// General Information about an assembly is controlled through the following
// set of attributes. Change these attribute values to modify the information
// associated with an assembly.
[assembly: AssemblyTitle("Unixy command-line option parser library for .NET")]
[assembly: AssemblyDescription("")]
[assembly: AssemblyConfiguration("")]
[assembly: AssemblyCompany("")]
[assembly: AssemblyProduct("ngetopt")]
[assembly: AssemblyCopyright("Copyright © 2010 Bob Carroll")]
[assembly: AssemblyTrademark("")]
[assembly: AssemblyCulture("")]
// Setting ComVisible to false makes the types in this assembly not visible
// to COM components. If you need to access a type in this assembly from
// COM, set the ComVisible attribute to true on that type.
[assembly: ComVisible(false)]
// The following GUID is for the ID of the typelib if this project is exposed to COM
[assembly: Guid("507a1722-a385-48cc-9c75-efea12cfb3e2")]
// Version information for an assembly consists of the following four values:
//
// Major Version
// Minor Version
// Build Number
// Revision
//
// You can specify all the values or you can default the Build and Revision Numbers
// by using the '*' as shown below:
// [assembly: AssemblyVersion("1.0.*")]
[assembly: AssemblyVersion("1.0.*")]
[assembly: AssemblyFileVersion("1.0.0.0")]

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" DefaultTargets="Build" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
<PropertyGroup>
<Configuration Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == '' ">Debug</Configuration>
<Platform Condition=" '$(Platform)' == '' ">AnyCPU</Platform>
<ProductVersion>8.0.30703</ProductVersion>
<SchemaVersion>2.0</SchemaVersion>
<ProjectGuid>{E05490F1-94D2-49FD-8898-B18998D31ADC}</ProjectGuid>
<OutputType>Library</OutputType>
<AppDesignerFolder>Properties</AppDesignerFolder>
<RootNamespace>ngetopt</RootNamespace>
<AssemblyName>ngetopt</AssemblyName>
<TargetFrameworkVersion>v4.0</TargetFrameworkVersion>
<FileAlignment>512</FileAlignment>
</PropertyGroup>
<PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|AnyCPU' ">
<DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
<DebugType>full</DebugType>
<Optimize>false</Optimize>
<OutputPath>bin\Debug\</OutputPath>
<DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
<ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
<WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
</PropertyGroup>
<PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|AnyCPU' ">
<DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
<Optimize>true</Optimize>
<OutputPath>bin\Release\</OutputPath>
<DefineConstants>TRACE</DefineConstants>
<ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
<WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
</PropertyGroup>
<PropertyGroup>
<SignAssembly>true</SignAssembly>
</PropertyGroup>
<PropertyGroup>
<AssemblyOriginatorKeyFile>public.snk</AssemblyOriginatorKeyFile>
</PropertyGroup>
<PropertyGroup>
<DelaySign>true</DelaySign>
</PropertyGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<Reference Include="System" />
<Reference Include="System.Core" />
<Reference Include="System.Xml.Linq" />
<Reference Include="System.Data.DataSetExtensions" />
<Reference Include="Microsoft.CSharp" />
<Reference Include="System.Data" />
<Reference Include="System.Xml" />
</ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<Compile Include="GlibcOpt.cs" />
<Compile Include="Option.cs" />
<Compile Include="OptionExtra.cs" />
<Compile Include="OptionPrinter.cs" />
<Compile Include="OptionTransformer.cs" />
<Compile Include="Properties\AssemblyInfo.cs" />
</ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<None Include="public.snk" />
</ItemGroup>
<Import Project="$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.CSharp.targets" />
<!-- To modify your build process, add your task inside one of the targets below and uncomment it.
Other similar extension points exist, see Microsoft.Common.targets.
<Target Name="BeforeBuild">
</Target>
<Target Name="AfterBuild">
</Target>
-->
</Project>

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Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 11.00
# Visual Studio 2010
Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "ngetopt", "ngetopt.csproj", "{E05490F1-94D2-49FD-8898-B18998D31ADC}"
EndProject
Global
GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
Debug|Any CPU = Debug|Any CPU
Release|Any CPU = Release|Any CPU
EndGlobalSection
GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
{E05490F1-94D2-49FD-8898-B18998D31ADC}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
{E05490F1-94D2-49FD-8898-B18998D31ADC}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
{E05490F1-94D2-49FD-8898-B18998D31ADC}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
{E05490F1-94D2-49FD-8898-B18998D31ADC}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
EndGlobalSection
GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
HideSolutionNode = FALSE
EndGlobalSection
EndGlobal

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@ECHO OFF
"%ProgramFiles(x86)%\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.0A\Bin\x64\sn.exe" -R bin\Release\ngetopt.dll rcarz.snk
pause